Closing the CKD Care Gap with Value-Based Care Models

More than one in seven adults in the United States are estimated to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), a disease caused by diabetes, hypertension, or other health care conditions that cause severe damage to the kidneys to the point where they lose their ability to properly filter blood. Often known as a ‘silent disease’ and killing more people each year than breast cancer or prostate cancer, CKD is a fairly under-recognized and under-diagnosed chronic illness. Upwards of one in three adults with late-stage CKD do not even know they have it. With a lack of early symptoms making the disease difficult to identify until it reaches later stages, disparities in care and the healthcare system at large contribute to an overwhelming lack of early intervention, particularly among minority groups. 

Women are at a higher risk than men of developing kidney disease in part due to their higher rates of autoimmune diseases like lupus and arthritis that can damage the kidneys. Certain complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth, such as pre-eclampsia and hypertensive pregnancy, can also increase a woman’s chance of developing CKD. However, studies show that women are less likely to be diagnosed with CKD and receive a referral to a nephrologist. 

Disparities in kidney care expand beyond gender and into race. African American patients with CKD require dialysis and kidney transplants at greater rates than their white counterparts. Consequently, African Americans with CKD are at a higher risk of mortality. Minority groups are often underrepresented in clinical trials – on average women account for 45% of CKD clinical trial participants and African Americans account for only 9% of participants. Thus, a population health approach to data mining and program design are even more important to preventing these disparities across patient populations.

Emphasizing preventative care in value-based models

Early diagnosis plays a vital role in preventing the progression of CKD. Within a value-based care (VBC) framework, there is a heightened emphasis on patient education, routine monitoring of blood pressure and A1C levels, and strict adherence to prescribed medications. These proactive measures are essential for ensuring CKD is identified and managed at the earliest possible stage.

Access to care – often impacted by social or economic barriers – can significantly influence disease progression and contribute to disparities in CKD treatment. Unlike traditional fee-for-service models, VBC providers offer resources designed to address these obstacles, enabling more equitable access to care for all patients.

For individuals whose CKD advances to the point of requiring dialysis or transplantation, VBC models prioritize patient choice regarding treatment modality, strategic planning for transplantation, and optimal initiation of dialysis. This personalized approach supports better health outcomes and aligns with patient preferences.

Furthermore, a VBC model incentivizes equitable health outcomes through ongoing patient and population health monitoring. By identifying trends among specific populations and continuously tracking performance metrics such as rates of preventative screenings, patient satisfaction scores, and hospital readmissions providers can pinpoint potential weaknesses in care intervention and delivery. This data-driven approach ensures continuous improvement in CKD management and helps close gaps in care. 

Coordinated, holistic care in value-based models

VBC models are designed to support personalized, holistic care for patients by addressing medical, behavioral, and social needs. This approach aims to achieve the best possible health outcomes by considering the full spectrum of factors that influence a patient’s well-being.

Providers working within VBC frameworks form multidisciplinary teams that collaborate across the care continuum. These teams develop tailored treatment plans that are customized to meet each patient’s unique needs, rather than relying on generalized plans. This individualized approach takes into account the specific barriers that certain individuals may face, ensuring care is both effective and equitable.

A key component of VBC models is the ability to aggregate disparate data sources. By integrating information from various aspects of a patient’s health and circumstances, providers are able to identify and risk stratify the patient population. This process helps prioritize patients who require immediate care and determine the type of intervention most likely to yield meaningful improvements in health outcomes.

Patients may enter the VBC system in several ways: through self-referral, referral by nephrologist, or identification via data analysis. Regardless of the entry point, each patient begins with a comprehensive assessment. This assessment includes screening for social determinants of health such as income, housing, food security, and the ability to access appropriate care. These screenings ensure that every aspect of a patient’s life that could impact their health is considered in the care planning process.

VBC models deliver significant benefits for CKD management by coordinating medical, behavioral, and social support through multidisciplinary teams. This approach enables providers to personalize care, address barriers to access, and use data-driven strategies to identify and prioritize high-risk patients. As a result, VBC not only improves outcomes and reduces disparities but also ensures that every patient receives equitable, whole-person care.

Photo: HYWARDS, Getty Images

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